Benchmarks (5 - 7)
H.
Find all possible outcomes of simple experiments or problem situations, using methods such as lists, arrays and tree diagrams.
I.
Describe the probability of an event using ratios, including fractional notation.
J.
Compare experimental and theoretical results for a variety of simple experiments.
K.
Make and justify predictions based on experimental and theoretical probabilities.
Benchmarks (8 - 10)
H.
Use counting techniques, such as permutations and combinations, to determine the total number of options and possible outcomes.
I.
Design an experiment to test a theoretical probability, and record and explain results.
J.
Compute probabilities of compound events, independent events, and simple dependent events.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 5)
7.
List and explain all possible outcomes in a given situation.
8.
Identify the probability of events within a simple experiment, such as three chances out of eight.
9.
Use 0,1 and ratios between 0 and 1 to represent the probability of outcomes for an event, and associate the ratio with the likelihood of the outcome.
10.
Compare what should happen (theoretical/expected results) with what did happen (experimental/actual results) in a simple experiment.
11.
Make predictions based on experimental and theoretical probabilities.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 6)
7.
Design an experiment to test a theoretical probability and explain how the results may vary.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 7)
7.
Compute probabilities of compound events; e.g., multiple coin tosses or multiple rolls of number cubes, using such methods as organized lists, tree diagrams and area models.
8.
Make predictions based on theoretical probabilities, design and conduct an experiment to test the predictions, compare actual results to predicted results, and explain differences.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 8)
10.
Calculate the number of possible outcomes for a situation, recognizing and accounting for when items may occur more than once or when order is important.
11.
Demonstrate an understanding that the probability of either of two disjoint events occurring can be found by adding the probabilities for each and that the probability of one independent event following another can be found by multiplying the probabilities.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 9)
7.
Use counting techniques and the Fundamental Counting principle to determine the total number of possible outcomes for mathematical situations.
8.
Describe, create and analyze a sample space and use it to calculate probability.