Benchmarks (K - 2)
G.
Model, represent and explain addition as combining sets and counting on.
H.
Model, represent and explain subtraction as comparison, take-away and part-to-whole.
K.
Demonstrate fluency in addition facts with addends through 9 and corresponding subtractions.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade Prekindergarten)
7.
Group and regroup a given set in the context of daily activities and play (e.g., 5 blocks can be 2 blue and 3 green or 1 blue and 4 green).
16.
Join two sets of objects to make one large set in the context of daily routines of play (e.g., combining 2 bags of raisins, each containing 3 pieces; combining 2 groups of blocks, each containing 3 blocks).
Grade Level Indicators (Grade Kindergarten)
8.
Represent and use whole numbers in flexible ways, including relating, composing and decomposing numbers; e.g., 5 marbles can be 2 red and 3 green or 1 red and 4 green.
10.
Model and represent addition as combining sets and counting on, and subtraction as take-away and comparison. For example:
a. Combine and separate small sets of objects in contextual situations; e.g., add or subtract one, two, or another small amount.
b. Count on (forward) and count back(backward) on a number line between 0 and 10.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 1)
2.
Recognize and generate equivalent forms for the same number using physical models, words and number expressions; e.g., concept of ten is described by "10 blocks", full tens frame, numeral 10, 5 + 5, 15 - 5, one less than 11, my brother's age.
10.
Model, represent and explain addition as combining sets (part + part = whole) and counting on. For example:
a. Model and explain addition using physical materials in contextual
Situations.
b. Draw pictures to model addition.
c. Write number sentences to represent addition.
d. Explain that adding two whole numbers yields a larger whole number.
11.
Model, represent and explain subtraction as take-away and comparison. For example:
a. Model and explain subtraction using physical materials in contextual situations.
b. Draw pictures to model subtraction.
c. Write number sentences to represent subtraction.
d. Explain that subtraction of whole numbers yields an answer smaller than the original number.
12.
Use conventional symbols to represent the operations of addition and subtraction.
17.
Develop strategies for basic subtraction facts, such as:
a. relating to addition (for example, think of 7 - 3 = ? as 3 plus? equals 7");
b. one less, two less;
c. all but one (for example, 8 - 7, 5 - 4);
d. using tens frames; and
e. missing addends.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 2)
6.
Model, represent and explain subtraction as comparison, take-away and part-to-whole; e.g., solve missing addend problems by counting up or subtracting, such as "I had six baseball cards, my sister gave me more, and I now have ten. How many did she give me?" can be represented as 6 + ? = 10 or 10 - 6 = ?.
9.
Model and use the commutative property for addition.
10.
Demonstrate fluency in addition facts with addends through 9 and corresponding subtractions; e.g., 9 + 9 = 18, 18 - 9 = 9.