This activity demonstrates the strategy of problem posing (Brown & Walter, 1983/2005). A piece of math-related children’s literature, Sixteen Cows (Wheeler, 2002), is used as the springboard for this problem-posing activity. After hearing the story read aloud, students are invited to brainstorm some literary and mathematical observations about the story. With the teacher’s guidance, students then turn those observations into “what-if” mathematical extensions. These extensions become mathematical problems that students solve, both individually and as a whole class, using their understanding of multiplication. Ideas for problem posing, a booklist, and student materials are also provided at the website. (author/ncl)