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This lesson uses The Story of Ruby Bridges by Robert Coles, which describes the court-ordered desegregation of an all-white school in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1960, as a basis for a Directed Reading–Thinking Activity. A prereading strategy captures students' interest and provides an opportunity to make predictions about the story. In response to the text, students work together in postreading groups in an activity called The Five Decision Lenses, (adapted from Six Thinking Hats by Edward de Bono, Back Bay Books, 1999). Using "colored glasses" to encourage conversations from multiple perspectives, students consider the events of the story from different points of view.
This lesson uses The Story of Ruby Bridges by Robert Coles, which describes the court-ordered desegregation of an all-white school in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1960, as a basis for a Directed Reading–Thinking Activity. A prereading strategy captures students' interest and provides an opportunity to make predictions about the story. In response to the text, students work together in postreading groups in an activity called The Five Decision Lenses, (adapted from Six Thinking Hats by Edward de Bono, Back Bay Books, 1999). Using "colored glasses" to encourage conversations from multiple perspectives, students consider the events of the story from different points of view. (author/ncl)
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| English Language Arts Standards |
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| Reading Process: Concepts of Print, Comprehension Strategies and Self-Monitoring Strategies Standard |  |
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| Benchmarks (4 - 7) |
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| B. | Apply effective reading comprehension strategies, including summarizing and making predictions, and comparisons using information in text, between text and across subject areas. |
| C. | Make meaning through asking and responding to a variety of questions related to text. |
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| Grade Level Indicators (Grade 6) |
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| 2. | Predict or hypothesize as appropriate from information in the text, substantiating with specific references to textual examples that may be in widely separated sections of text. |
| 6. | Answer literal, inferential, evaluative and synthesizing questions to demonstrate comprehension of grade-appropriate print texts, electronic and visual media. |
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| Grade Level Indicators (Grade 7) |
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| 2. | Predict or hypothesize as appropriate from information in the text, substantiating with specific references to textual examples that may be in widely separated sections of text. |
| 6. | Answer literal, inferential, evaluative and synthesizing questions to demonstrate comprehension of grade-appropriate print texts and electronic and visual media. |
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| Reading Applications: Literary Text Standard |  |
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| Benchmarks (4 - 7) |
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| A. | Describe and analyze the elements of character development. |
| B. | Analyze the importance of setting. |
| C. | Identify the elements of plot and establish a connection between an element and a future event. |
| D. | Differentiate between the points of view in narrative text. |
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| Grade Level Indicators (Grade 6) |
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| 1. | Analyze the techniques authors use to describe characters, including narrator or other characters' point of view; character's own thoughts, words or actions. |
| 2. | Identify the features of setting and explain their importance in literary text. |
| 3. | Identify the main and minor events of the plot, and explain how each incident gives rise to the next. |
| 4. | Explain first, third and omniscient points of view, and explain how voice affects the text. |
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| Grade Level Indicators (Grade 7) |
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| 1. | Explain interactions and conflicts (e.g., character vs. self, nature or society) between main and minor characters in literary text and how the interactions affect the plot. |
| 2. | Analyze the features of the setting and their importance in a text. |
| 3. | Identify the main and minor events of the plot, and explain how each incident gives rise to the next. |
| 4. | Identify and compare subjective and objective points of view and how they affect the overall body of a work. |
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| Standards for the English Language Arts |
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| Range of materials and purposes for reading |  |
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| Students read a wide range of print and non-print texts to build an understanding of texts, of themselves, and of the cultures of the United States and the world; to acquire new information; to respond to the needs and demands of society and the workplace; and for personal fulfillment. Among these texts are fiction and nonfiction, classic and contemporary works. |
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| Students read a wide range of literature from many periods in many genres to build an understanding of the many dimensions (e.g., philosophical, ethical, aesthetic) of human experience. |
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| Reading strategies, language use, and conventions |  |
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| Students apply a wide range of strategies to comprehend, interpret, evaluate, and appreciate texts. They draw on their prior experience, their interactions with other readers and writers, their knowledge of word meaning and of other texts, their word identification strategies, and their understanding of textual features (e.g., sound-letter correspondence, sentence structure, context, graphics). |
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| Purposes for using spoken, written, and visual language |  |
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| Students participate as knowledgeable, reflective, creative, and critical members of a variety of literacy communities. |
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| RESOURCE TYPE |
| Instructional Resource |
| PRACTICE LEVEL |
| Best Practice |
| STANDARDS ALIGNMENT |
| Grades 6 - 7 |
| TOPICS |
English Language Arts -- Literature; Children's Literature; Reading; Comprehension; Literary Response; Reading-Strategies & Skills; English Language Arts -- Literature; Children's Literature; Reading; Comprehension; Literary Response; Reading-Strategies & Skills |
| FOUND IN |
| AdLIT |
| KEYWORDS |
The Story of Ruby Bridges; Directed Reading–Thinking Activity; racial integration ; point of view |
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Author: Karen Foster Publisher: NCTE/IRA
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