Ohio's Academic Content Standards in English Language Arts
Benchmarks
Acquisition of Vocabulary StandardStudents acquire vocabulary through exposure to language-rich situations, such as reading books and other texts and conversing with adults and peers. They use context clues, as well as direct explanations provided by others, to gain new words. They learn to apply word analysis skills to build and extend their own vocabulary. As students progress through the grades, they become more proficient in applying their knowledge of words (origins, parts, relationships, meanings) to acquire specialized vocabulary that aids comprehension.
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| By the end of the K - 3 program: |
| A. | Use context clues to determine the meaning of new vocabulary. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Read accurately high- frequency sight words. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Apply structural analysis skills to build and extend vocabulary and to determine word meaning. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Know the meaning of specialized vocabulary by applying knowledge of word parts, relationships and meanings. (ORC Resources) | | E. | Use resources to determine the meanings and pronunciations of unknown words. (ORC Resources) |
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| By the end of the 4 - 7 program: |
| A. | Use context clues and text structures to determine the meaning of new vocabulary. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Infer word meaning through identification and analysis of analogies and other word relationships. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Apply knowledge of connotation and denotation to learn the meanings of words. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Use knowledge of symbols, acronyms, word origins and derivations to determine the meanings of unknown words. (ORC Resources) | | E. | Use knowledge of roots and affixes to determine the meanings of complex words. (ORC Resources) | | F. | Use multiple resources to enhance comprehension of vocabulary. (ORC Resources) |
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| By the end of the 8 - 10 program: |
| A. | Use context clues and text structures to determine the meaning of new vocabulary. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Examine the relationships of analogical statements to infer word meanings. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Recognize the importance and function of figurative language. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Explain how different events have influenced and changed the English language. (ORC Resources) | | E. | Apply knowledge of roots and affixes to determine the meanings of complex words and subject area vocabulary. (ORC Resources) | | F. | Use multiple resources to enhance comprehension of vocabulary. (ORC Resources) |
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| By the end of the 11 - 12 program: |
| A. | Verify meanings of words by the author's use of definition, restatement, example, comparison, contrast and cause and effect. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Distinguish the relationship of word meanings between pairs of words encountered in analogical statements. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Explain the influence of the English language on world literature, communications and popular culture. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Apply knowledge of roots, affixes and phrases to aid understanding of content area vocabulary. (ORC Resources) | | E. | Use multiple resources to enhance comprehension of vocabulary. (ORC Resources) |
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