Ohio's Academic Content Standards in English Language Arts
Benchmarks
Reading Applications: Informational, Technical and Persuasive Text StandardStudents gain information from reading for the purposes of learning about a subject, doing a job, making decisions and accomplishing a task. Students need to apply the reading process to various types of informational texts, including essays, magazines, newspapers, textbooks, instruction manuals, consumer and workplace documents, reference materials, multimedia and electronic resources. They learn to attend to text features, such as titles, subtitles and visual aids, to make predictions and build text knowledge. They learn to read diagrams, charts, graphs, maps and displays in text as sources of additional information. Students use their knowledge of text structure to organize content information, analyze it and draw inferences from it. Strategic readers learn to recognize arguments, bias, stereotyping and propaganda in informational text sources.
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| By the end of the K - 3 program: |
| A. | Use text features and structures to organize content, draw conclusions and build text knowledge. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Ask clarifying questions concerning essential elements of informational text. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Identify the central ideas and supporting details of informational text. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Use visual aids as sources to gain additional information from text. (ORC Resources) | | E. | Evaluate two- and three-step directions for proper sequencing and completeness. (ORC Resources) |
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| By the end of the 4 - 7 program: |
| A. | Use text features and graphics to organize, analyze and draw inferences from content and to gain additional information. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Recognize the difference between cause and effect and fact and opinion to analyze text. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Explain how main ideas connect to each other in a variety of sources. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Identify arguments and persuasive techniques used in informational text. (ORC Resources) | | E. | Explain the treatment, scope and organization of ideas from different texts to draw conclusions about a topic. (ORC Resources) | | F. | Determine the extent to which a summary accurately reflects the main idea, critical details and underlying meaning of original text. (ORC Resources) |
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| By the end of the 8 - 10 program: |
| A. | Evaluate how features and characteristics make information accessible and usable and how structures help authors achieve their purposes. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Identify examples of rhetorical devices and valid and invalid inferences, and explain how authors use these devices to achieve their purposes and reach their intended audiences. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Analyze whether graphics supplement textual information and promote the author's purpose. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Explain and analyze how an author appeals to an audience and develops an argument or viewpoint in text. (ORC Resources) | | E. | Utilize multiple sources pertaining to a singular topic to critique the various ways authors develop their ideas (e.g., treatment, scope and organization). (ORC Resources) |
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| By the end of the 11 - 12 program: |
| A. | Analyze the features and structures of documents and critique them for their effectiveness. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Identify and analyze examples of rhetorical devices and valid and invalid inferences. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Critique the effectiveness and validity of arguments in text and whether they achieve the author's purpose. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Synthesize the content from several sources on a single issue or written by a single author, clarifying ideas and connecting them to other sources and related topics. (ORC Resources) | | E. | Analyze an author's implicit and explicit philosophical assumptions and beliefs about a subject. (ORC Resources) |
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