Ohio's Academic Content Standards in English Language Arts
Reading Process: Concepts of Print, Comprehension Strategies and Self-Monitoring Strategies StandardStudents develop and learn to apply strategies that help them to comprehend and interpret informational and literary texts. Reading and learning to read are problem-solving processes that require strategies for the reader to make sense of written language and remain engaged with texts. Beginners develop basic concepts about print (e.g., that print holds meaning) and how books work (e.g., text organization). As strategic readers, students learn to analyze and evalute texts to demonstrate their understanding of text. Additionally, students learn to self-monitor their own comprehension by asking and answering questions about the text, self-correcting errors and assessing their own understanding. They apply these strategies effectively to assigned and self-selected texts read in and out of the classroom.
| | |
| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| |
| Prekindergarten |
| 1. | Understand that print has meaning by demonstrating the functions of print through play activities. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Hold books right side up, know that people read pages from front to back and read, top to bottom and read words from left to right. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Begin to distinguish print from pictures. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Visualize and represent understanding of text through a variety of media and play. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Predict what might happen next during reading of text. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Connect information or ideas in text to prior knowledge and experience. (ORC Resources) | | 7. | Begin to represent text sequences through media and play. (ORC Resources) | | 8. | Answer literal questions to demonstrate comprehension of orally read age-appropriate texts. (ORC Resources) | | 9. | Respond to oral reading by commenting or questioning. (ORC Resources) | | 10. | Select favorite books and poems and participate in shared oral reading and discussions. (ORC Resources) |
|
| | |
| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| |
| Kindergarten |
| 1. | Demonstrate an understanding that print has meaning by explaining that text provides information or tells a story. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Hold books right side up, know that people read pages from front to back and read words from left to right. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Know the differences between illustrations and print. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Visualize the information in texts, and demonstrate this by drawing pictures, discussing images in texts or dictating simple descriptions. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Predict what will happen next, using pictures and content as a guide. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Compare information (e.g., recognize similarities) in texts using prior knowledge and experience. (ORC Resources) | | 7. | Recall information from a story by sequencing pictures and events. (ORC Resources) | | 8. | Answer literal questions to demonstrate comprehension of orally read grade-appropriate texts. (ORC Resources) | | 9. | Monitor comprehension of orally read texts by asking and answering questions. (ORC Resources) | | 10. | Identify favorite books and stories and participate in shared oral reading. (ORC Resources) |
|
| | |
| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| |
| Grade 1 |
| 1. | Describe the role of authors and illustrators. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Establish a purpose for reading (e.g., to be informed, to follow directions or to be entertained). (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Visualize the information in texts and demonstrate this by drawing pictures, discussing images in texts or writing simple descriptions. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Make predictions while reading and support predictions with information from the text or prior experience. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Compare information (e.g., recognize similarities) in texts with prior knowledge and experience. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Recall the important ideas in fictional and non-fictional texts. (ORC Resources) | | 7. | Create and use graphic organizers such as Venn diagrams or webs, with teacher assistance, to demonstrate comprehension. (ORC Resources) | | 8. | Answer literal, simple inferential and evaluative questions to demonstrate comprehension of grade-appropriate print texts and electronic and visual media. (ORC Resources) | | 9. | Monitor comprehension of independently- or group-read texts by asking and answering questions. (ORC Resources) | | 10. | Use criteria to choose independent reading materials (e.g., personal interest, knowledge of authors and genres or recommendations from others). (ORC Resources) | | 11. | Independently read books for various purposes (e.g., for enjoyment, for literary experience, to gain information or to perform a task). (ORC Resources) |
|
| | |
| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| |
| Grade 2 |
| 1. | Establish a purpose for reading (e.g., to be informed, to follow directions or to be entertained). (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Predict content, events and outcomes from illustrations and prior experience and support those predictions with examples from the text or background knowledge. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Compare and contrast information in texts with prior knowledge and experience. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Summarize text by recalling main ideas and some supporting details. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Create and use graphic organizers, such as Venn diagrams and webs, to demonstrate comprehension. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Answer literal, inferential and evaluative questions to demonstrate comprehension of grade-appropriate print texts and electronic and visual media. (ORC Resources) | | 7. | Monitor comprehension by recognizing when text does not make sense and look back or read on to reinforce comprehension. (ORC Resources) | | 8. | Monitor reading comprehension by identifying word errors and self-correcting. (ORC Resources) | | 9. | Use criteria to choose independent reading materials (e.g., personal interest, knowledge of authors and genres or recommendations from others). (ORC Resources) | | 10. | Independently read books for various purposes (e.g., for enjoyment, for literary experience, to gain information or to perform a task). (ORC Resources) |
|
| | |
| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| |
| Grade 3 |
| 1. | Establish a purpose for reading (e.g., to be informed, to follow directions or to be entertained). (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Predict content, events and outcomes by using chapter titles, section headers, illustrations and story topics, and support those predictions with examples from the text. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Compare and contrast information between texts and across subject areas. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Summarize texts, sequencing information accurately and include main ideas and details as appropriate. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Make inferences regarding events and possible outcomes from information in text. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Create and use graphic organizers, such as Venn diagrams and webs, to demonstrate comprehension. (ORC Resources) | | 7. | Answer literal, inferential and evaluative questions to demonstrate comprehension of grade-appropriate print texts and electronic and visual media. (ORC Resources) | | 8. | Monitor own comprehension by adjusting speed to fit the purpose, or by skimming, scanning, reading on or looking back. (ORC Resources) | | 9. | Use criteria to choose independent reading materials (e.g., personal interest, knowledge of authors and genres or recommendations from others). (ORC Resources) | | 10. | Independently read books for various purposes (e.g., for enjoyment, for literary experience, to gain information or to perform a task). (ORC Resources) |
|
| | |
| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| |
| Grade 4 |
| 1. | Establish and adjust purposes for reading, including to find out, to understand, to interpret, to enjoy and to solve problems. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Predict and support predictions using an awareness of new vocabulary, text structures and familiar plot patterns. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Compare and contrast information on a single topic or theme across different text and non-text resources. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Summarize important information in texts to demonstrate comprehension. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Make inferences or draw conclusions about what has been read and support those conclusions with textual evidence. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Select, create and use graphic organizers to interpret textual information. (ORC Resources) | | 7. | Answer literal, inferential and evaluative questions to demonstrate comprehension of grade-appropriate print texts and electronic and visual media. (ORC Resources) | | 8. | Monitor own comprehension by adjusting speed to fit the purpose, or by skimming, scanning, reading on or looking back. (ORC Resources) | | 9. | List questions and search for answers within the text to construct meaning. (ORC Resources) | | 10. | Use criteria to choose independent reading materials (e.g., personal interest, knowledge of authors and genres or recommendations from others). (ORC Resources) | | 11. | Independently read books for various purposes (e.g., for enjoyment, for literary experience, to gain information or to perform a task). (ORC Resources) |
|
| | |
| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| |
| Grade 5 |
| 1. | Establish and adjust purposes for reading, including to find out, to understand, to interpret, to enjoy and to solve problems. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Predict and support predictions with specific references to textual examples that may be in widely separated sections of text. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Make critical comparisons across texts. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Summarize the information in texts, recognizing that there may be several important ideas rather than just one main idea and identifying details that support each. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Make inferences based on implicit information in texts, and provide justifications for those inferences. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Select, create and use graphic organizers to interpret textual information. (ORC Resources) | | 7. | Answer literal, inferential and evaluative questions to demonstrate comprehension of grade-appropriate print texts and electronic and visual media. (ORC Resources) | | 8. | Monitor own comprehension by adjusting speed to fit the purpose, or by skimming, scanning, reading on, looking back or summarizing what has been read so far in text. (ORC Resources) | | 9. | List questions and search for answers within the text to construct meaning. (ORC Resources) | | 10. | Use criteria to choose independent reading materials (e.g., personal interest, knowledge of authors and genres, or recommendations from others). (ORC Resources) | | 11. | Independently read books for various purposes (e.g., for enjoyment, for literary experience, to gain information or to perform a task). (ORC Resources) |
|
| | |
| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| |
| Grade 6 |
| 1. | Establish and adjust purposes for reading, including to find out, to understand, to interpret, to enjoy and to solve problems. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Predict or hypothesize as appropriate from information in the text, substantiating with specific references to textual examples that may be in widely separated sections of text. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Make critical comparisons across texts, noting author's style as well as literal and implied content of text. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Summarize the information in texts, recognizing important ideas and supporting details, and noting gaps or contradictions. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Select, create and use graphic organizers to interpret textual information. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Answer literal, inferential, evaluative and synthesizing questions to demonstrate comprehension of grade-appropriate print texts, electronic and visual media. (ORC Resources) | | 7. | Monitor own comprehension by adjusting speed to fit the purpose, or by skimming, scanning, reading on, looking back, note taking or summarizing what has been read so far in text. (ORC Resources) | | 8. | List questions and search for answers within the text to construct meaning. (ORC Resources) | | 9. | Use criteria to choose independent reading materials (e.g., personal interest, knowledge of authors and genres or recommendations from others). (ORC Resources) | | 10. | Independently read books for various purposes (e.g., for enjoyment, for literary experience, to gain information or to perform a task). (ORC Resources) |
|
| | |
| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| |
| Grade 7 |
| 1. | Establish and adjust purposes for reading, including to find out, to understand, to interpret, to enjoy and to solve problems. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Predict or hypothesize as appropriate from information in the text, substantiating with specific references to textual examples that may be in widely separated sections of text. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Make critical comparisons across text, noting author's style as well as literal and implied content of text. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Summarize the information in texts, using key ideas, supporting details and referencing gaps or contradictions. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Select, create and use graphic organizers to interpret textual information. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Answer literal, inferential, evaluative and synthesizing questions to demonstrate comprehension of grade-appropriate print texts and electronic and visual media. (ORC Resources) | | 7. | Monitor own comprehension by adjusting speed to fit the purpose, or by skimming, scanning, reading on, looking back, note taking or summarizing what has been read so far in text. (ORC Resources) | | 8. | Use criteria to choose independent reading materials (e.g., personal interest, knowledge of authors and genres or recommendations from others). (ORC Resources) | | 9. | Independently read books for various purposes (e.g., for enjoyment, for literary experience, to gain information or to perform a task). (ORC Resources) |
|
| | |
| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| |
| Grade 8 |
| 1. | Apply reading comprehension strategies, including making predictions, comparing and contrasting, recalling and summarizing and making inferences and drawing conclusions. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Answer literal, inferential, evaluative and synthesizing questions to demonstrate comprehension of grade-appropriate print texts and electronic and visual media. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Monitor own comprehension by adjusting speed to fit the purpose, or by skimming, scanning, reading on, looking back, note taking or summarizing what has been read so far in text. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Use criteria to choose independent reading materials (e.g., personal interest, knowledge of authors and genres or recommendations from others). (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Independently read books for various purposes (e.g., for enjoyment, for literary experience, to gain information or to perform a task). (ORC Resources) |
|
| | |
| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| |
| Grade 9 |
| 1. | Apply reading comprehension strategies, including making predictions, comparing and contrasting, recalling and summarizing and making inferences and drawing conclusions. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Answer literal, inferential, evaluative and synthesizing questions to demonstrate comprehension of grade-appropriate print texts and electronic and visual media. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Monitor own comprehension by adjusting speed to fit the purpose, or by skimming, scanning, reading on, looking back, note taking or summarizing what has been read so far in text. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Use criteria to choose independent reading materials (e.g., personal interest, knowledge of authors and genres or recommendations from others). (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Independently read books for various purposes (e.g., for enjoyment, for literary experience, to gain information or to perform a task). (ORC Resources) |
|
| | |
| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| |
| Grade 10 |
| 1. | Apply reading comprehension strategies, including making predictions, comparing and contrasting, recalling and summarizing and making inferences and drawing conclusions. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Answer literal, inferential, evaluative and synthesizing questions to demonstrate comprehension of grade-appropriate print texts and electronic and visual media. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Monitor own comprehension by adjusting speed to fit the purpose, or by skimming, scanning, reading on, looking back, note taking or summarizing what has been read so far in text. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Use criteria to choose independent reading materials (e.g., personal interest, knowledge of authors and genres or recommendations from others). (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Independently read books for various purposes (e.g., for enjoyment, for literary experience, to gain information or to perform a task). (ORC Resources) |
|
| | |
| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| |
| Grade 11 |
| 1. | Apply reading comprehension strategies, including making predictions, comparing and contrasting, recalling and summarizing and making inferences and drawing conclusions. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Answer literal, inferential, evaluative and synthesizing questions to demonstrate comprehension of grade-appropriate print texts and electronic and visual media. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Monitor own comprehension by adjusting speed to fit the purpose, or by skimming, scanning, reading on, looking back, note taking or summarizing what has been read so far in text. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Use criteria to choose independent reading materials (e.g., personal interest, knowledge of authors and genres or recommendations from others). (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Independently read books for various purposes (e.g., for enjoyment, for literary experience, to gain information or to perform a task). (ORC Resources) |
|
| | |
| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| |
| Grade 12 |
| 1. | Apply reading comprehension strategies, including making predictions, comparing and contrasting, recalling and summarizing and making inferences and drawing conclusions. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Answer literal, inferential, evaluative and synthesizing questions to demonstrate comprehension of grade-appropriate print texts and electronic and visual media. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Monitor own comprehension by adjusting speed to fit the purpose, or by skimming, scanning, reading on, looking back, note taking or summarizing what has been read so far in text. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Use criteria to choose independent reading materials (e.g., personal interest, knowledge of authors and genres or recommendations from others). (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Independently read books for various purposes (e.g., for enjoyment, for literary experience, to gain information or to perform a task). (ORC Resources) |
|