Ohio's Academic Content Standards in English Language Arts
Reading Applications: Informational, Technical and Persuasive Text StandardStudents gain information from reading for the purposes of learning about a subject, doing a job, making decisions and accomplishing a task. Students need to apply the reading process to various types of informational texts, including essays, magazines, newspapers, textbooks, instruction manuals, consumer and workplace documents, reference materials, multimedia and electronic resources. They learn to attend to text features, such as titles, subtitles and visual aids, to make predictions and build text knowledge. They learn to read diagrams, charts, graphs, maps and displays in text as sources of additional information. Students use their knowledge of text structure to organize content information, analyze it and draw inferences from it. Strategic readers learn to recognize arguments, bias, stereotyping and propaganda in informational text sources.
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Prekindergarten |
| 1. | Use pictures and illustrations to aid comprehension. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Retell information from informational text. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Tell the topic of a selection that has been read aloud (e.g., What is the book about?). (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Gain text information from pictures, photos, simple charts, and labels. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Follow simple directions. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 1 |
| 1. | Use title page, photographs, captions and illustrations (text features) to develop comprehension of informational texts. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Identify the sequence of events in informational text. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Ask questions concerning essential elements of informational text (e.g., why, who, where, what, when and how). (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Identify central ideas and supporting details of informational text with teacher assistance. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Identify and discuss simple diagrams, charts, graphs and maps as characteristics of nonfiction. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Follow multiple-step directions. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 2 |
| 1. | Use the table of contents, glossary, captions and illustrations to identify information and to comprehend text. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Arrange events from informational text in sequential order. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | List questions about essential elements from informational text (e.g., why, who, where, what, when and how) and identify answers. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Classify ideas from informational texts as main ideas or supporting details. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Identify information in diagrams, charts, graphs and maps. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Analyze a set of directions for proper sequencing. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 3 |
| 1. | Use the table of contents, chapter headings, glossary, index, captions and illustrations to locate information and comprehend texts. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | List questions about essential elements (e.g., why, who, where, what, when and how) from informational text and identify answers. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Identify and list the important central ideas and supporting details of informational text. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Draw conclusions from information in maps, charts, graphs and diagrams. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Analyze a set of directions for proper sequencing, clarity and completeness. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 4 |
| 1. | Make inferences about informational text from the title page, table of contents and chapter headings. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Summarize main ideas in informational text, using supporting details as appropriate. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Locate important details about a topic, using different sources of information, including books, magazines, newspapers and online resources. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Identify examples of cause and effect used in informational text. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Draw conclusions from information in maps, charts, graphs and diagrams. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Clarify steps in a set of instructions or procedures for completeness. (ORC Resources) | | 7. | Distinguish fact from opinion. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 5 |
| 1. | Use text features, such as chapter titles, headings and subheadings; parts of books, including the index and table of contents and online tools (search engines) to locate information. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Identify, distinguish between and explain examples of cause and effect in informational text. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Compare important details about a topic, using different sources of information, including books, magazines, newspapers and online resources. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Summarize the main ideas and supporting details. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Analyze information found in maps, charts, tables, graphs and diagrams. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Clarify steps in a set of instructions or procedures for proper sequencing and completeness and revise if necessary. (ORC Resources) | | 7. | Analyze the difference between fact and opinion. (ORC Resources) | | 8. | Distinguish relevant from irrelevant information in a text and identify possible points of confusion for the reader. (ORC Resources) | | 9. | Identify and understand an author's purpose for writing, including to explain, to entertain or to inform. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 6 |
| 1. | Use text features, such as chapter titles, headings and subheading; parts of books, including index, appendix, table of contents and online tools (search engines) to locate information. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Analyze examples of cause and effect and fact and opinion. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Compare and contrast important details about a topic, using different sources of information including books, magazines, newspapers and online resources. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Compare original text to a summary to determine the extent to which the summary adequately reflects the main ideas and critical details of the original text. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Analyze information found in maps, charts, tables, graphs, diagrams and cutaways. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Identify an author's argument or viewpoint and assess the adequacy and accuracy of details used. (ORC Resources) | | 7. | Identify and understand an author's purpose for writing, including to explain, entertain, persuade or inform. (ORC Resources) | | 8. | Summarize information from informational text, identifying the treatment, scope and organization of ideas. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 7 |
| 1. | Use text features, such as chapter titles, headings and subheadings; parts of books, including index, appendix, table of contents and online tools (search engines) to locate information. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Analyze examples of cause and effect and fact and opinion (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Compare and contrast different sources of information, including books, magazines, newspapers and online resources, to draw conclusions about a topic. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Compare original text to a summary to determine the extent to which the summary adequately reflects the main ideas, critical details and underlying meaning of the original text. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Analyze information found in maps, charts, tables, graphs, diagrams, cutaways and overlays. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Assess the adequacy, accuracy and appropriateness of an author's details, identifying persuasive techniques and examples of bias and stereotyping. (ORC Resources) | | 7. | Identify an author's purpose for writing and explain an author's argument, perspective or viewpoint in text. (ORC Resources) | | 8. | Compare the treatment, scope and organization of ideas from different texts on the same topic. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 8 |
| 1. | Compare and contrast text features, including format and headers of various informational texts in terms of their structure and purpose. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Identify and use the organizational structure of a text, such as chronological, compare-contrast, cause-effect, problem-solution, and evaluate its effectiveness. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Compare and contrast the treatment, scope and organization of ideas from different sources on the same topic. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Analyze information found in maps, charts, tables, graphs, diagrams, cutaways and overlays. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Assess the adequacy, accuracy and appropriateness of an author's details, identifying persuasive techniques (e.g., bandwagon, testimonial and emotional word repetition) and examples of bias and stereotyping. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Identify the author's purpose and intended audience for the text. (ORC Resources) | | 7. | Analyze an author's argument, perspective or viewpoint and explain the development of key points. (ORC Resources) | | 8. | Recognize how writers cite facts, draw inferences and present opinions in informational text. (ORC Resources) | | 9. | Distinguish the characteristics of consumer materials (e.g., warranties, product information, instructional materials), functional or workplace documents (e.g., job-related materials, memoranda, instructions) and public documents (e.g., speeches or newspaper editorials). (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 9 |
| 1. | Identify and understand organizational patterns (e.g., cause-effect, problem-solution) and techniques, including repetition of ideas, syntax and word choice, that authors use to accomplish their purpose and reach their intended audience. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Critique the treatment, scope and organization of ideas from multiple sources on the same topic. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Analyze information found in maps, charts, tables, graphs, diagrams, cutaways and overlays. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Assess the adequacy, accuracy and appropriateness of an author's details, identifying persuasive techniques (e.g., bandwagon, testimonial, transfer, glittering generalities, emotional word repetition, bait and switch) and examples of propaganda, bias and stereotyping. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Analyze an author's implicit and explicit argument, perspective or viewpoint in text. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Analyze the author's development of key points to support argument or point of view. (ORC Resources) | | 7. | Compare and contrast the effectiveness of the features (e.g., format, sequence, headers) used in various consumer documents (e.g., warranties, product information, instructional materials), functional or workplace documents (e.g., job-related materials, memoranda, instructions) and public documents (e.g., speeches or newspaper editorials). (ORC Resources) | | 8. | Identify the features of rhetorical devices used in common types of public documents, including newspaper editorials and speeches. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 10 |
| 1. | Identify and understand organizational patterns (e.g., cause-effect, problem-solution) and techniques, including repetition of ideas, syntax and word choice, that authors use to accomplish their purpose and reach their intended audience. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Critique the treatment, scope and organization of ideas from multiple sources on the same topic. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Evaluate the effectiveness of information found in maps, charts, tables, graphs, diagrams, cutaways and overlays. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Assess the adequacy, accuracy and appropriateness of an author's details, identifying persuasive techniques (e.g., transfer, glittering generalities, bait and switch) and examples of propaganda, bias and stereotyping. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Analyze an author's implicit and explicit argument, perspective or viewpoint in text. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Identify appeals to authority, reason and emotion. (ORC Resources) | | 7. | Analyze the effectiveness of the features (e.g., format, graphics, sequence, headers) used in various consumer documents (e.g., warranties, product information, instructional materials), functional or workplace documents (e.g., job-related materials, memoranda, instructions) and public documents (e.g., speeches or newspaper editorials). (ORC Resources) | | 8. | Describe the features of rhetorical devices used in common types of public documents, including newspaper editorials and speeches. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 11 |
| 1. | Analyze the rhetorical devices used in public documents, including newspaper editorials and speeches. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Analyze and critique organizational patterns and techniques including repetition of ideas, appeals to authority, reason and emotion, syntax and word choice that authors use to accomplish their purpose and reach their intended audience. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Analyze the content from several sources on a single issue, clarifying ideas and connecting them to other sources and related topics. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Distinguish between valid and invalid inferences and provide evidence to support the findings, noting instances of unsupported inferences, fallacious reasoning, propaganda techniques, bias and stereotyping. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Examine an author's implicit and explicit philosophical assumptions and beliefs about a subject. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Evaluate the effectiveness and validity of arguments in public documents and their appeal to various audiences. (ORC Resources) | | 7. | Analyze the structure and features of functional and workplace documents, including format, sequence and headers, and how authors use these features to achieve their purposes and to make information accessible and usable. (ORC Resources) | | 8. | Critique functional and workplace documents (e.g., instructions, technical manuals, travel schedules and business memoranda) for sequencing of information and procedures, anticipation of possible reader misunderstandings and visual appeal. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 12 |
| 1. | Analyze the rhetorical devices used in public documents, including state or school policy statements, newspaper editorials and speeches. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Analyze and critique organizational patterns and techniques including repetition of ideas, appeals to authority, reason and emotion, syntax and word choice that authors use to accomplish their purpose and reach their intended audience. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Analyze and compile information from several sources on a single issue or written by a single author, clarifying ideas and connecting them to other sources and related topics. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Distinguish between valid and invalid inferences and provide evidence to support the findings, noting instances of unsupported inferences, fallacious reasoning, propaganda techniques, bias and stereotyping. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Examine an author's implicit and explicit philosophical assumptions and beliefs about a subject. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Evaluate the effectiveness and validity of arguments in public documents and their appeal to various audiences. (ORC Resources) | | 7. | Analyze the structure and features of functional and workplace documents, including format, sequence and headers, and how authors use these features to achieve their purposes and to make information accessible and usable. (ORC Resources) | | 8. | Critique functional and workplace documents (e.g., instructions, technical manuals, travel schedules and business memoranda) for sequencing of information and procedures, anticipation of possible reader misunderstandings and visual appeal. (ORC Resources) |
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