Ohio's Academic Content Standards in English Language Arts
Writing Applications StandardStudents need to understand that various types of writing require different language, formatting and special vocabulary. Writing serves many purposes across the curriculum and takes various forms. Beginning writers learn about the various purposes of writing; they attempt and use a small range of familiar forms (e.g., letters). Developing writers are able to select text forms to suit purpose and audience. They can explain why some text forms are more suited to a purpose than others and begin to use content-specific vocabulary to achieve their communication goals. Proficient writers control effectively the language and structural features of a large repertoire of text forms. They deliberately choose vocabulary to enhance text and structure their writing according to audience and purpose.
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Prekindergarten |
| 1. | Dictate stories or produce simple stories using pictures, mock letters or words. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Name objects and label with assistance from adult cues. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Play at writing from top to bottom, horizontal rows as format. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Dictate words or produce writing approximations for a variety of purposes (e.g., menus in dramatic play, note to friend). (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 1 |
| 1. | Write simple stories with a beginning, middle and end that include descriptive words and details. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Write responses to stories that include simple judgments about the text. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Write friendly letters or invitations that follow a simple letter format. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Produce informal writings (e.g., messages, journals, notes and poems) for various purposes. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 2 |
| 1. | Write stories that convey a clear message, include details, use vivid language and move through a logical sequence of steps and events. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Write responses to stories by comparing text to other texts, or to people or events in their own lives. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Write letters or invitations that include relevant information and follow letter format (e.g., date, proper salutation, body, closing and signature). (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Produce informal writings (e.g., messages, journals, notes and poems) for various purposes. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 3 |
| 1. | Write stories that sequence events and include descriptive details and vivid language to develop characters, setting and plot. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Write responses to novels, stories and poems that demonstrate an understanding of the text and support judgments with specific references to the text. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Write formal and informal letters (e.g., thank you notes, letters of request) that include relevant information and date, proper salutation, body, closing and signature. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Write informational reports that include the main ideas and significant details from the text. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Produce informal writings (e.g., messages, journals, notes and poems) for various purposes. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 4 |
| 1. | Write narratives that sequence events, including descriptive details and vivid language to develop plot, characters and setting and to establish a point of view. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Write responses to novels, stories and poems that include a simple interpretation of a literary work and support judgments with specific references to the original text and to prior knowledge. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Write formal and informal letters (e.g., thank you notes, letters of request) that follow letter format (e.g., date, proper salutation, body, closing and signature), include important information and demonstrate a sense of closure. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Write informational reports that include facts and examples and present important details in a logical order. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Produce informal writings (e.g., messages, journals, notes and poems) for various purposes. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 5 |
| 1. | Write narratives with a consistent point of view, using sensory details and dialogue to develop characters and setting. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Write responses to novels, stories and poems that organize an interpretation around several clear ideas, and justify the interpretation through the use of examples and specific textual evidence. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Write letters that state the purpose, make requests or give compliments and use business letter format. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Write informational essays or reports, including research, that organize information with a clear introduction, body and conclusion following common expository structures when appropriate (e.g., cause-effect, comparison-contrast) and include facts, details and examples to illustrate important ideas. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Produce informal writings (e.g., journals, notes and poems) for various purposes. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 6 |
| 1. | Write narratives that maintain a clear focus and point of view and use sensory details and dialogue to develop plot, characters, and a specific setting. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Write responses to novels, stories, poems and plays that provide an interpretation, critique or reflection and support judgments with specific references to the text. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Write letters that state the purpose, make requests or give compliments and use business letter format. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Write informational essays or reports, including research, that present a literal understanding of the topic, include specific facts, details and examples from multiple sources and create an organizing structure appropriate to the purpose, audience and context. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Write persuasive essays that establish a clear position and include organized and relevant information to support ideas. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Produce informal writings (e.g., journals, notes and poems) for various purposes. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 7 |
| 1. | Write narratives that maintain a clear focus and point of view and use sensory details and dialogue to develop plot, character and a specific setting. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Write responses to novels, stories, poems and plays that provide an interpretation, a critique or a reflection and support judgments with specific references to the text. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Write business letters that are formatted to convey ideas, state problems, make requests or give compliments. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Write informational essays or reports, including research, that present a literal understanding of the topic, include specific facts, details and examples from multiple sources, and create an organizing structure appropriate to the purpose, audience and context. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Write persuasive essays that establish a clear position and include relevant information to support ideas. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Produce informal writings (e.g., journals, notes and poems) for various purposes. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 8 |
| 1. | Write narratives that:
a. sustain reader interest by pacing action and developing an engaging plot (e.g., tension and suspense);
b. use literary devices to enhance style and tone; and
c. create complex characters in a definite, believable setting. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Write responses to literature that organize an insightful interpretation around several clear ideas, premises or images and support judgments with specific references to the original text, to other texts, authors and to prior knowledge. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Write business letters, letters to the editor and job applications that:
a. address audience needs, stated purpose and context in a clear and efficient manner;
b. follow the conventional style appropriate to the text using proper technical terms;
c. include appropriate facts and details;
d. exclude extraneous details and inconsistencies; and
e. provide a sense of closure to the writing. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Write informational essays or reports, including research, that:
a. pose relevant and tightly drawn questions that engage the reader;
b. provide a clear and accurate perspective on the subject;
c. create an organizing structure appropriate to the purpose, audience and context;
d. support the main ideas with facts, details, examples and explanations from sources; and
e. document sources and include bibliographies (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Write persuasive compositions that:
a. establish and develop a controlling idea;
b. support arguments with detailed evidence;
c. exclude irrelevant information; and
d. cite sources of information. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Produce informal writings (e.g., journals, notes and poems) for various purposes. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 9 |
| 1. | Write narratives that:
a. sustain reader interest by pacing action and developing an engaging plot (e.g., tension and suspense);
b. use a range of strategies and literary devices including figurative language and specific narration; and,
c. include an organized, well developed structure. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Write responses to literature that organize an insightful interpretation around several clear ideas, premises or images and support judgments with specific references to the original text, to other texts, authors and to prior knowledge. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Write business letters, letters to the editor and job applications that:
a. address audience needs, stated purpose and context in a clear and efficient manner;
b. follow the conventional style appropriate to the text using proper technical terms;
c. include appropriate facts and details;
d. exclude extraneous details and inconsistencies; and
e. provide a sense of closure to the writing. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Write informational essays or reports, including research that:
a. pose relevant and tightly drawn questions that engage the reader;
b. provide a clear and accurate perspective on the subject;
c. create an organizing structure appropriate to the purpose, audience and context;
d. support the main ideas with facts, details, examples and explanations from sources; and
e. document sources and include bibliographies. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Write persuasive compositions that:
a. establish and develop a controlling idea;
b. support arguments with detailed evidence;
c. exclude irrelevant information; and
d. cite sources of information. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Produce informal writings (e.g., journals, notes and poems) for various purposes. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 10 |
| 1. | Write narratives that:
a. sustain reader interest by pacing action and developing an engaging plot (e.g., tension and suspense);
b. use a range of strategies and literary devices including figurative language and specific narration; and
c. include an organized, well-developed structure. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Write responses to literature that organize an insightful interpretation around several clear ideas, premises or images and support judgments with specific references to the original text, to other texts, authors and to prior knowledge. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Write business letters, letters to the editor and job applications that:
a. address audience needs, stated purpose and context in a clear and efficient manner;
b. follow the conventional style appropriate to the text using proper technical terms;
c. include appropriate facts and details;
d. exclude extraneous details and inconsistencies; and
e. provide a sense of closure to the writing. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Write informational essays or reports, including research that:
a. pose relevant and tightly drawn questions that engage the reader.
b. provide a clear and accurate perspective on the subject.
c. create an organizing structure appropriate to the purpose, audience and context;
d. support the main ideas with facts, details, examples and explanations from sources; and
e. document sources and include bibliographies. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Write persuasive compositions that:
a. support arguments with detailed evidence;
b. exclude irrelevant information; and
c. cite sources of information. (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Produce informal writings (e.g., journals, notes and poems) for various purposes. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 11 |
| 1. | Write reflective compositions that:
a. use personal experiences as a basis for reflection on some aspect of life;
b. draw abstract comparisons between specific incidents and abstract concepts;
c. maintain a balance between describing incidents and relating them to more general, abstract ideas that illustrate personal beliefs; and
d. move from specific examples to generalizations about life. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Write responses to literature that:
a. advance a judgment that is interpretative, analytical, evaluative or reflective;
b. support key ideas and viewpoints with accurate and detailed references to the text or to other works and authors;
c. analyze the author's use of stylistic devices and express an appreciation of the effects the devices create;
d. identify and assess the impact of possible ambiguities, nuances and complexities within text;
e. anticipate and answer a reader's questions, counterclaims or divergent interpretations; and
f. provide a sense of closure to the writing. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Write functional documents (e.g., requests for information, resumes, letters of complaint, memos and proposals) that:
a. report, organize and convey information accurately;
b. use formatting techniques that make a document user-friendly; and
c. anticipate readers' problems, mistakes and misunderstandings. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Write informational essays or reports, including research, that:
a. develop a controlling idea that conveys a perspective on the subject;
b. create an organizing structure appropriate to purpose, audience and context;
c. include information on all relevant perspectives, considering the validity and reliability of primary and secondary sources;
d. make distinctions about the relative value and significance of specific data, facts and ideas;
e. anticipate and address a reader's potential biases, misunderstandings and expectations; and
f. provide a sense of closure to the writing. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Write persuasive compositions that:
a. articulate a clear position;
b. support assertions using rhetorical devices, including appeals to emotion or logic and personal anecdotes; and
c. develop arguments using a variety of methods (e.g., examples, beliefs, expert opinion, cause-effect reasoning). (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Produce informal writings (e.g., journals, notes and poems) for various purposes. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 12 |
| 1. | Write reflective compositions that:
a. use personal experiences as a basis for reflection on some aspect of life;
b. draw abstract comparisons between specific incidents and abstract concepts;
c. maintain a balance between describing incidents and relating them to more general, abstract ideas that illustrate personal beliefs; and
d. move from specific examples to generalizations about life. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Write responses to literature that:
a. advance a judgment that is interpretative, analytical, evaluative or reflective;
b. support key ideas and viewpoints with accurate and detailed references to the text or to other works and authors;
c. analyze the author's use of stylistic devices and express an appreciation of the effects the devices create;
d. identify and assess the impact of possible ambiguities, nuances and complexities within text;
e. anticipate and answer a reader's questions, counterclaims or divergent interpretations; and
f. provide a sense of closure to the writing. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Write functional documents (e.g., requests for information, resumes, letters of complaint, memos, proposals) that:
a. report, organize and convey information accurately;
b. use formatting techniques that make a document user-friendly; and
c. anticipate readers' problems, mistakes and misunderstandings. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Write informational essays or reports, including research, that:
a. develop a controlling idea that conveys a perspective on the subject;
b. create an organizing structure appropriate to purpose, audience and context;
c. include information on all relevant perspectives, considering the validity and reliability of primary and secondary sources;
d. make distinctions about the relative value and significance of specific data, facts and ideas;
e. anticipate and address a reader's potential biases, misunderstandings and expectations; and
f. provide a sense of closure to the writing. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Write persuasive compositions that:
a. articulate a clear position;
b. support assertions using rhetorical devices, including appeals to emotion or logic and personal anecdotes; and
c. develop arguments using a variety of methods (e.g., examples, beliefs, expert opinion, cause-effect reasoning). (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Produce informal writings (e.g., journals, notes and poems) for various purposes. (ORC Resources) |
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