Ohio's Academic Content Standards in English Language Arts

Communications: Oral and Visual Standard
Students learn to communicate effectively through exposure to good models and opportunities for practice. By speaking, listening and providing and interpreting visual images, they learn to apply their communication skills in increasingly sophisticated ways. Students learn to deliver presentations that effectively convey information and persuade or entertain audiences. Proficient speakers control language and deliberately choose vocabulary to clarify points and adjust presentations according to audience and purpose.

PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12
Prekindergarten
1.  Attend to speakers, stories, poems and songs. (ORC Resources) 2.  Connect information and events to personal experiences by sharing or commenting. (ORC Resources) 3.  Follow simple oral directions. (ORC Resources) 4.  Speak clearly and understandably to express ideas, feelings and needs. (ORC Resources) 5.  Initiate and sustain a conversation through turn taking. (ORC Resources) 6.  Present own experiences, products, creations or writing through the use of language. (ORC Resources) 7.  Participate in the recitation of books, poems, chants, songs and nursery rhymes. (ORC Resources)

PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12
Kindergarten
1.  Listen attentively to speakers, stories, poems and songs. (ORC Resources) 2.  Connect what is heard with prior knowledge and experience. (ORC Resources) 3.  Follow simple oral directions. (ORC Resources) 4.  Speak clearly and understandably. (ORC Resources) 5.  Deliver informal descriptive or informational presentations about ideas or experiences in logical order with a beginning, middle and end. (ORC Resources) 6.  Recite short poems, songs and nursery rhymes. (ORC Resources)

PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12
Grade 1
1.  Use active listening skills, such as making eye contact or asking questions. (ORC Resources) 2.  Compare what is heard with prior knowledge and experience. (ORC Resources) 3.  Follow simple oral directions. (ORC Resources) 4.  Speak clearly and understandably. (ORC Resources) 5.  Deliver brief informational presentations that: a. demonstrate an understanding of the topic; b. include and sort relevant information and details to develop topic; c. organize information with a clear beginning and ending; and d. express opinions. (ORC Resources) 6.  Deliver brief informal descriptive presentations recalling an event or personal experience that convey relevant information and descriptive details. (ORC Resources) 7.  Deliver simple dramatic presentations (e.g., recite poems, rhymes, songs and stories). (ORC Resources)

PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12
Grade 2
1.  Use active listening strategies, such as making eye contact and asking for clarification and explanation. (ORC Resources) 2.  Compare what is heard with prior knowledge and experience. (ORC Resources) 3.  Identify the main idea of oral presentations and visual media. (ORC Resources) 4.  Follow two- and three-step oral directions. (ORC Resources) 5.  Demonstrate an understanding of the rules of the English language. (ORC Resources) 6.  Select language appropriate to purpose and use clear diction and tone. (ORC Resources) 7.  Adjust volume to stress important ideas. (ORC Resources) 8.  Deliver informational presentations that: a. present events or ideas in logical sequence and maintain a clear focus; b. demonstrate an understanding of the topic; c. include relevant facts and details to develop a topic; d. organize information with a clear beginning and ending; e. include diagrams, charts or illustrations as appropriate; and f. identify sources. (ORC Resources) 9.  Deliver formal and informal descriptive presentations recalling an event or personal experience that convey relevant information and descriptive details. (ORC Resources) 10.  Deliver simple dramatic presentations (e.g., recite poems, rhymes, songs and stories). (ORC Resources)

PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12
Grade 3
1.  Ask questions for clarification and explanation, and respond to others' ideas. (ORC Resources) 2.  Identify the main idea, supporting details and purpose of oral presentations and visual media. (ORC Resources) 3.  Identify the difference between facts and opinions in presentations and visual media. (ORC Resources) 4.  Demonstrate an understanding of the rules of the English language. (ORC Resources) 5.  Select language appropriate to purpose and audience. (ORC Resources) 6.  Use clear diction and tone, and adjust volume and tempo to stress important ideas. (ORC Resources) 7.  Adjust speaking content according to the needs of the audience. (ORC Resources) 8.  Deliver informational presentations that: a. present events or ideas in logical sequence and maintain a clear focus; b. demonstrate an understanding of the topic; c. include relevant facts and details from multiple sources to develop topic; d. organize information, including a clear introduction, body and conclusion; e. use appropriate visual materials (e.g., diagrams, charts, illustrations) and available technology; and f. identify sources. (ORC Resources) 9.  Deliver formal and informal descriptive presentations recalling an event or personal experience that convey relevant information and descriptive details. (ORC Resources)

PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12
Grade 4
1.  Demonstrate active listening strategies (e.g., asking focused questions, responding to cues, making visual contact). (ORC Resources) 2.  Recall the main idea, including relevant supporting details, and identify the purpose of presentations and visual media. (ORC Resources) 3.  Distinguish between a speaker's opinions and verifiable facts. (ORC Resources) 4.  Demonstrate an understanding of the rules of the English language. (ORC Resources) 5.  Select language appropriate to purpose and audience. (ORC Resources) 6.  Use clear diction and tone, and adjust volume and tempo to stress important ideas. (ORC Resources) 7.  Adjust speaking content according to the needs of the audience. (ORC Resources) 8.  Deliver informational presentations (e.g., expository, research) that: a. present events or ideas in a logical sequence and maintain a clear focus; b. demonstrate an understanding of the topic; c. include relevant facts, details, examples, quotations, statistics, stories and anecdotes to clarify and explain information; d. organize information to include a clear introduction, body and conclusion; e. use appropriate visual materials (e.g., diagrams, charts, illustrations) and available technology; and f. draw from several sources and identify sources used. (ORC Resources) 9.  Deliver formal and informal descriptive presentations recalling an event or personal experience that convey relevant information and descriptive details. (ORC Resources)

PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12
Grade 5
1.  Demonstrate active listening strategies (e.g., asking focused questions, responding to cues, making visual contact). (ORC Resources) 2.  Interpret the main idea and draw conclusions from oral presentations and visual media. (ORC Resources) 3.  Identify the speaker's purpose in presentations and visual media (e.g., to inform, to entertain, to persuade). (ORC Resources) 4.  Discuss how facts and opinions are used to shape the opinions of listeners and viewers. (ORC Resources) 5.  Demonstrate an understanding of the rules of the English language and select language appropriate to purpose and audience. (ORC Resources) 6.  Use clear diction, pitch, tempo and tone, and adjust volume and tempo to stress important ideas. (ORC Resources) 7.  Adjust speaking content according to the needs of the situation, setting and audience. (ORC Resources) 8.  Deliver informational presentations (e.g., expository, research) that: a. demonstrate an understanding of the topic and present events or ideas in a logical sequence; b. support the main idea with relevant facts, details, examples, quotations, statistics, stories and anecdotes; c. organize information, including a clear introduction, body and conclusion and follow common organizational structures when appropriate (e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast); d. use appropriate visual materials (e.g., diagrams, charts, illustrations) and available technology; and e. draw from several sources and identify sources used. (ORC Resources) 9.  Deliver formal and informal descriptive presentations recalling an event or personal experience that convey relevant information and descriptive details. (ORC Resources) 10.  Deliver persuasive presentations that: a. establish a clear position; b. include relevant evidence to support a position and to address potential concerns of listeners; and c. follow common organizational structures when appropriate (e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast, problem-solution). (ORC Resources)

PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12
Grade 6
1.  Demonstrate active listening strategies (e.g., asking focused questions, responding to cues, making visual contact). (ORC Resources) 2.  Summarize the main idea and draw conclusions from presentations and visual media. (ORC Resources) 3.  Interpret the speaker's purpose in presentations and visual media (e.g., to inform, to entertain, to persuade). (ORC Resources) 4.  Identify the persuasive techniques (e.g., bandwagon, testimonial, glittering generalities, emotional word repetition and bait and switch) used in presentations and media messages. (ORC Resources) 5.  Demonstrate an understanding of the rules of the English language and select language appropriate to purpose and audience. (ORC Resources) 6.  Use clear diction and tone, and adjust volume, phrasing and tempo to stress important ideas. (ORC Resources) 7.  Adjust speaking content and style according to the needs of the situation, setting and audience. (ORC Resources) 8.  Deliver informational presentations (e.g., expository, research) that: a. demonstrate an understanding of the topic and present events or ideas in a logical sequence; b. support the controlling idea or thesis with relevant facts, details, examples, quotations, statistics, stories and anecdotes; c. include an effective introduction and conclusion and use a consistent organizational structure (e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast); d. use appropriate visual materials (e.g., diagrams, charts, illustrations) and available technology; and e. draw from multiple sources and identify sources used. (ORC Resources) 9.  Deliver formal and informal descriptive presentations that convey relevant information and descriptive details. (ORC Resources) 10.  Deliver persuasive presentations that: a. establish a clear position; b. include relevant evidence to support position and to address potential concerns of listeners; and c. follow common organizational structures when appropriate (e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast, problem-solution). (ORC Resources)

PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12
Grade 7
1.  Demonstrate active listening strategies (e.g., asking focused questions, responding to cues, making visual contact). (ORC Resources) 2.  Draw logical inferences from presentations and visual media. (ORC Resources) 3.  Interpret the speaker's purpose in presentations and visual media (e.g., to inform, to entertain, to persuade). (ORC Resources) 4.  Identify and explain the persuasive techniques (e.g., bandwagon, testimonial, glittering generalities, emotional word repetition and bait and switch) used in presentations and media messages. (ORC Resources) 5.  Demonstrate an understanding of the rules of the English language and select language appropriate to purpose and audience. (ORC Resources) 6.  Adjust volume, phrasing, enunciation, voice modulation and inflection to stress important ideas and impact audience response. (ORC Resources) 7.  Vary language choices as appropriate to the context of the speech. (ORC Resources) 8.  Deliver informational presentations (e.g., expository, research) that: a. demonstrate an understanding of the topic and present events or ideas in a logical sequence; b. support the controlling idea or thesis with well-chosen and relevant facts, details, examples, quotations, statistics, stories and anecdotes; c. include an effective introduction and conclusion and use a consistent organizational structure (e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast, problem-solution); d. use appropriate visual materials (e.g., diagrams, charts, illustrations) and available technology; and e. draw from multiple sources and identify sources used. (ORC Resources) 9.  Deliver formal and informal descriptive presentations that convey relevant information and descriptive details. (ORC Resources) 10.  Deliver persuasive presentations that: a. establish a clear position; b. include relevant evidence to support a position and to address counter-arguments; and c. consistently use common organizational structures as appropriate (e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast). (ORC Resources)

PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12
Grade 8
1.  Apply active listening strategies (e.g., monitoring message for clarity, selecting and organizing essential information, noting cues such as changes in pace). (ORC Resources) 2.  Identify and analyze the persuasive techniques (e.g., bandwagon, testimonial, glittering generalities, emotional word repetition and bait and switch) used in presentations and media messages. (ORC Resources) 3.  Determine the credibility of the speaker (e.g., hidden agendas, slanted or biased material) and recognize fallacies of reasoning used in presentations and media messages. (ORC Resources) 4.  Identify the speaker's choice of language and delivery styles (e.g., repetition, appeal to emotion, eye contact) and how they contribute to meaning. (ORC Resources) 5.  Demonstrate an understanding of the rules of the English language and select language appropriate to purpose and audience. (ORC Resources) 6.  Adjust volume, phrasing, enunciation, voice modulation and inflection to stress important ideas and impact audience response. (ORC Resources) 7.  Vary language choices as appropriate to the context of the speech. (ORC Resources) 8.  Deliver informational presentations (e.g., expository, research) that: a. demonstrate an understanding of the topic and present events or ideas in a logical sequence; b. support the controlling idea or thesis with well-chosen and relevant facts, details, examples, quotations, statistics, stories and anecdotes; c. include an effective introduction and conclusion and use a consistent organizational structure (e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast, problem-solution); d. use appropriate visual materials (e.g., diagrams, charts, illustrations) and available technology; and e. draw from multiple sources, including both primary and secondary sources, and identify sources used. (ORC Resources) 9.  Deliver formal and informal descriptive presentations that convey relevant information and descriptive details. (ORC Resources) 10.  Deliver persuasive presentations that: a. establish and develop a logical and controlled argument; b. include relevant evidence, differentiating between evidence and opinion to support a position and to address counter-arguments or listener bias; and c. consistently use common organizational structures as appropriate (e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast, problem-solution). (ORC Resources)

PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12
Grade 9
1.  Apply active listening strategies (e.g., monitoring message for clarity, selecting and organizing essential information, noting cues such as changes in pace) in a variety of settings. (ORC Resources) 2.  Identify types of arguments used by the speaker, such as authority and appeals to emotion. (ORC Resources) 3.  Analyze the credibility of the speaker (e.g., hidden agendas, slanted or biased material) and recognize fallacies of reasoning used in presentations and media messages. (ORC Resources) 4.  Identify the speaker's choice of language and delivery styles (e.g., repetition, appeal to emotion, eye contact) and explain how they contribute to meaning. (ORC Resources) 5.  Demonstrate an understanding of the rules of the English language and select language appropriate to purpose and audience. (ORC Resources) 6.  Adjust volume, phrasing, enunciation, voice modulation and inflection to stress important ideas and impact audience response. (ORC Resources) 7.  Vary language choices as appropriate to the context of the speech. (ORC Resources) 8.  Deliver informational presentations (e.g., expository, research) that: a. demonstrate an understanding of the topic and present events or ideas in a logical sequence; b. support the controlling idea or thesis with well-chosen and relevant facts, details, examples, quotations, statistics, stories and anecdotes; c. include an effective introduction and conclusion and use a consistent organizational structure (e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast, problem-solution); d. use appropriate visual materials (e.g., diagrams, charts, illustrations) and available technology to enhance presentation; and e. draw from multiple sources, including both primary and secondary sources, and identify sources used. (ORC Resources) 9.  Deliver formal and informal descriptive presentations that convey relevant information and descriptive details. (ORC Resources) 10.  Deliver persuasive presentations that: a. establish and develop a logical and controlled argument; b. include relevant evidence, differentiating between evidence and opinion, to support a position and to address counter-arguments or listener bias; c. use persuasive strategies, such as rhetorical devices, anecdotes and appeals to emotion, authority and reason; d. use common organizational structures as appropriate (e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast, problem-solution); and e. use speaking techniques (e.g., reasoning, emotional appeal, case studies or analogies). (ORC Resources)

PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12
Grade 10
1.  Apply active listening strategies (e.g., monitoring message for clarity, selecting and organizing essential information, noting cues such as changes in pace) in a variety of settings. (ORC Resources) 2.  Interpret types of arguments used by the speaker such as authority and appeals to audience. (ORC Resources) 3.  Evaluate the credibility of the speaker (e.g., hidden agendas, slanted or biased material) and recognize fallacies of reasoning used in presentations and media messages. (ORC Resources) 4.  Identify how language choice and delivery styles (e.g., repetition, appeal to emotion, eye contact) contribute to meaning. (ORC Resources) 5.  Demonstrate an understanding of the rules of the English language and select language appropriate to purpose and audience. (ORC Resources) 6.  Adjust volume, phrasing, enunciation, voice modulation and inflection to stress important ideas and impact audience response. (ORC Resources) 7.  Vary language choices as appropriate to the context of the speech. (ORC Resources) 8.  Deliver informational presentations (e.g., expository, research) that: a. demonstrate an understanding of the topic and present events or ideas in a logical sequence; b. support the controlling idea or thesis with well-chosen and relevant facts, details, examples, quotations, statistics, stories and anecdotes; c. include an effective introduction and conclusion and use a consistent organizational structure (e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast, problem-solution); d. use appropriate visual materials (e.g., diagrams, charts, illustrations) and available technology to enhance presentation; and e. draw from multiple sources including both primary and secondary sources and identify sources used. (ORC Resources) 9.  Deliver formal and informal descriptive presentations that convey relevant information and descriptive details. (ORC Resources) 10.  Deliver persuasive presentations that: a. establish and develop a logical and controlled argument; b. include relevant evidence, differentiating between evidence and opinion, to support a position and to address counter-arguments or listener bias; c. use persuasive strategies, such as rhetorical devices, anecdotes and appeals to emotion, authority and reason; and d. consistently use common organizational structures as appropriate (e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast, problem-solution); and e. use speaking techniques (e.g., reasoning, emotional appeal, case studies or analogies). (ORC Resources)

PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12
Grade 11
1.  Apply active listening strategies (e.g., monitoring message for clarity, selecting and organizing essential information, noting cues such as changes in pace) in a variety of settings. (ORC Resources) 2.  Analyze types of arguments used by a speaker, such as causation, analogy and logic. (ORC Resources) 3.  Critique the clarity, effectiveness and overall coherence of a speaker's key points. (ORC Resources) 4.  Evaluate how language choice, diction, syntax and delivery style (e.g., repetition, appeal to emotion, eye contact) effect the mood and tone and impact the audience. (ORC Resources) 5.  Demonstrate an understanding of the rules of the English language and select language appropriate to purpose and audience. (ORC Resources) 6.  Adjust volume, phrasing, enunciation, voice modulation and inflection to stress important ideas and impact audience response. (ORC Resources) 7.  Vary language choices as appropriate to the context of the speech. (ORC Resources) 8.  Deliver informational presentations (e.g., expository, research) that: a. present a clear and distinctive perspective on the subject; b. present events or ideas in a logical sequence; c. support the controlling idea with well-chosen and relevant facts, details, examples, quotations, statistics, stories and anecdotes; d. include an effective introduction and conclusion and use a consistent organizational structure (e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast, problem-solution); e. use appropriate visual materials (e.g., diagrams, charts, illustrations) and available technology to enhance presentation; and f. draw from and cite multiple sources including both primary and secondary sources and consider the validity and reliability of sources. (ORC Resources) 9.  Deliver formal and informal descriptive presentations that convey relevant information and descriptive details. (ORC Resources) 10.  Deliver persuasive presentations that: a. establish and develop a logical and controlled argument; b. include relevant evidence, differentiating between evidence and opinion, to support a position and to address counter-arguments or listener bias; c. use persuasive strategies, such as rhetorical devices, anecdotes and appeals to emotion, authority, reason, pathos and logic; d. consistently use common organizational structures as appropriate (e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast, problem-solution); and e. use speaking techniques (e.g., reasoning, emotional appeal, case studies or analogies). (ORC Resources)

PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12
Grade 12
1.  Apply active listening strategies (e.g., monitoring message for clarity, selecting and organizing essential information, noting cues such as changes in pace). (ORC Resources) 2.  Analyze types of arguments used by the speaker, such as causation, analogy and logic. (ORC Resources) 3.  Critique the clarity, effectiveness and overall coherence of a speaker's key points. (ORC Resources) 4.  Evaluate how language choice, diction, syntax and delivery style (e.g., repetition, appeal to emotion, eye contact) affect the mood and tone and impact the audience. (ORC Resources) 5.  Demonstrate an understanding of the rules of the English language and select language appropriate to purpose and audience. (ORC Resources) 6.  Adjust volume, tempo, phrasing, enunciation, voice modulation and inflection to stress important ideas and impact audience response. (ORC Resources) 7.  Vary language choices as appropriate to the context of the speech. (ORC Resources) 8.  Deliver informational presentations (e.g., expository, research) that: a. present a clear and distinctive perspective on the subject; b. present events or ideas in a logical sequence; c. support the controlling idea or thesis with well-chosen and relevant facts, details, examples, quotations, statistics, stories and anecdotes; d. include an effective introduction and conclusion and use a consistent organizational structure (e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast, problem-solution); e. use appropriate visual materials (e.g., diagrams, charts, illustrations) and available technology to enhance presentation; and f. draw from and cite multiple sources, including both primary and secondary sources, and consider the validity and reliability of sources. (ORC Resources) 9.  Deliver formal and informal descriptive presentations that convey relevant information and descriptive details. (ORC Resources) 10.  Deliver persuasive presentations that: a. establish and develop a logical and controlled argument; b. include relevant evidence, differentiating between evidence and opinion, to support a position and to address counter-arguments or listener biases; c. use persuasive strategies such as rhetorical devices; anecdotes and appeals to emotion, authority, reason, pathos and logic; d. consistently use common organizational structures as appropriate (e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast, problem-solution); and e. use speaking techniques (e.g., reasoning, emotional appeal, case studies or analogies). (ORC Resources)