Ohio's Academic Content Standards in Mathematics
Data Analysis and Probability StandardStudents pose questions and collect, organize, represent, interpret and analyze data to answer those questions. Students develop and evaluate inferences, predictions and arguments that are based on data.
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| By the end of the K - 2 program: |
| A. | Pose questions and gather data about everyday situations and familiar objects. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Sort and classify objects by attributes, and organize data into categories in a simple table or chart. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Represent data using objects, picture graphs and bar graphs. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Describe the probability of chance events as more, less or equally likely to occur. (ORC Resources) |
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| By the end of the 3 - 4 program: |
| A. | Gather and organize data from surveys and classroom experiments, including data collected over a period of time. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Read and interpret tables, charts, graphs (bar, picture, line, line plot), and timelines as sources of information, identify main idea, draw conclusions, and make predictions. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Construct charts, tables and graphs to represent data, including picture graphs, bar graphs, line graphs, line plots and Venn diagrams. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Read, interpret and construct graphs in which icons represent more than a single unit or intervals greater than one; e.g., each  = 10 bicycles or the intervals on an axis are multiples of 10. (ORC Resources) | | E. | Describe data using mode, median and range. (ORC Resources) | | F. | Conduct a simple probability experiment and draw conclusions about the likelihood of possible outcomes. (ORC Resources) | | G. | Identify and represent possible outcomes, such as arrangements of a set of up to four members and possible combinations from several sets, each containing two or three members. (ORC Resources) | | H | Use the set of possible outcomes to describe and predict events. (ORC Resources) |
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| By the end of the 5 - 7 program: |
| A. | Read, create and use line graphs, histograms, circle graphs, box-and-whisker plots, stem-and-leaf plots, and other representations when appropriate. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Interpret data by looking for patterns and relationships, draw and justify conclusions, and answer related questions. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Evaluate interpretations and conclusions as additional data are collected, modify conclusions and predictions, and justify new findings. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Compare increasingly complex displays of data, such as multiple sets of data on the same graph. (ORC Resources) | | E. | Collect, organize, display and interpret data for a specific purpose or need. (ORC Resources) | | F. | Determine and use the range, mean, median and mode to analyze and compare data, and explain what each indicates about the data. (ORC Resources) | | G. | Evaluate conjectures and predictions based upon data presented in tables and graphs, and identify misuses of statistical data and displays. (ORC Resources) | | H. | Find all possible outcomes of simple experiments or problem situations, using methods such as lists, arrays and tree diagrams. (ORC Resources) | | I. | Describe the probability of an event using ratios, including fractional notation. (ORC Resources) | | J. | Compare experimental and theoretical results for a variety of simple experiments. (ORC Resources) | | K. | Make and justify predictions based on experimental and theoretical probabilities. (ORC Resources) |
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| By the end of the 8 - 10 program: |
| A. | Create, interpret and use graphical displays and statistical measures to describe data; e.g., box-and-whisker plots, histograms, scatterplots, measures of center and variability. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Evaluate different graphical representations of the same data to determine which is the most appropriate representation for an identified purpose. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Find, use and interpret measures of center and spread, such as mean and quartiles, and use those measures to compare and draw conclusions about sets of data. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Compare the characteristics of the mean, median and mode for a given set of data, and explain which measure of center best represents the data. (ORC Resources) | | E. | Evaluate the validity of claims and predictions that are based on data by examining the appropriateness of the data collection and analysis. (ORC Resources) | | F. | Construct convincing arguments based on analysis of data and interpretation of graphs. (ORC Resources) | | G. | Describe sampling methods and analyze the effects of method chosen on how well the resulting sample represents the population. (ORC Resources) | | H. | Use counting techniques, such as permutations and combinations, to determine the total number of options and possible outcomes. (ORC Resources) | | I. | Design an experiment to test a theoretical probability, and record and explain results. (ORC Resources) | | J. | Compute probabilities of compound events, independent events, and simple dependent events. (ORC Resources) | | K. | Make predictions based on theoretical probabilities and experimental results. (ORC Resources) |
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| By the end of the 11 - 12 program: |
| A. | Create and analyze tabular and graphical displays of data using appropriate tools, including spreadsheets and graphing calculators. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Use descriptive statistics to analyze and summarize data, including measures of center, dispersion, correlation and variability. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Design and perform a statistical experiment, simulation or study; collect and interpret data; and use descriptive statistics to communicate and support predictions and conclusions. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Connect statistical techniques to applications in workplace and consumer situations. (ORC Resources) |
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