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Ohio's Academic Content Standards in ScienceEarth and Space Sciences
Students demonstrate an understanding about how Earth systems and processes interact in the geosphere resulting in the habitability of Earth. This includes demonstrating an understanding of the composition of the Universe, the Solar System and Earth. In addition, it includes understanding the properties and the interconnected nature of Earth's systems, processes that shape Earth and Earth's history. Students also demonstrate an understanding of how the concepts and principles of energy, matter, motion and forces explain Earth systems, the Solar System, and the Universe. Finally, they grasp an understanding of the historical perspectives, scientific approaches and emerging scientific issues associated with Earth and space sciences.
| | | By the end of the K - 2 program: | | A. | Observe constant and changing patterns of objects in the day and night sky. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Explain that living things cause changes on Earth. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Observe, describe and measure changes in the weather, both long term and short term. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Describe what resources are and recognize some are limited but can be extended through recycling or decreased use. (ORC Resources) |
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| | | By the end of the 3 - 5 program: | | A. | Explain the characteristics, cycles and patterns involving Earth and its place in the Solar System. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Summarize the processes that shape Earth's surface and describe evidence of those processes. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Describe Earth's resources including rocks, soil, water, air, animals and plants and the ways in which they can be conserved. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Analyze weather and changes that occur over a period of time. (ORC Resources) |
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| | | By the end of the 6 - 8 program: | | A. | Describe how the positions and motions of the objects in the universe cause predictable and cyclic events. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Explain that the universe is composed of vast amounts of matter, most of which is at incomprehensible distances and held together by gravitational force. Describe how the universe is studied by the use of equipment such as telescopes, probes, satellites and spacecraft. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Describe interactions of matter and energy throughout the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere (e.g., water cycle, weather and pollution). (ORC Resources) | | D. | Identify that the lithosphere contains rocks and minerals and that minerals make up rocks. Describe how rocks and minerals are formed and/or classified. (ORC Resources) | | E. | Describe the processes that contribute to the continuous changing of Earth's surface (e.g., earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, erosion, mountain building and lithospheric plate movements). (ORC Resources) |
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| | | By the end of the 9 - 10 program: | | A. | Explain how evidence from stars and other celestial objects provide information about the processes that cause changes in the composition and scale of the physical universe. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Explain that many processes occur in patterns within the Earth's systems. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Explain the 4.5 billion-year-history of Earth and the 4 billion-year-history of life on Earth based on observable scientific evidence in the geologic record. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Describe the finite nature of Earth's resources and those human activities that can conserve or deplete Earth's resources. (ORC Resources) | | E. | Explain the processes that move and shape Earth's surface. (ORC Resources) | | F. | Summarize the historical development of scientific theories and ideas, and describe emerging issues in the study of Earth and space sciences. (ORC Resources) |
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| | | By the end of the 11 - 12 program: | | A. | Explain how technology can be used to gather evidence and increase our understanding of the universe. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Describe how Earth is made up of a series of interconnected systems and how a change in one system affects other systems. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Explain that humans are an integral part of the Earth's system and the choices humans make today impact natural systems in the future. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Summarize the historical development of scientific theories and, ideas, and describe emerging issues in the study of Earth and space sciences. (ORC Resources) |
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