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Ohio's Academic Content Standards in ScienceLife Sciences
Students demonstrate an understanding of how living systems function and how they interact with the physical environment. This includes an understanding of the cycling of matter and flow of energy in living systems. An understanding of the characteristics, structure, and function of cells, of organisms and of living systems are developed as well as a deeper understanding of the principles of heredity, biological evolution, and the diversity and interdependence of life. Students also demonstrate an understanding of different historical perspectives, scientific approaches and emerging scientific issues associated with the life sciences.
| | | By the end of the K - 2 program: | | A. | Discover that there are living things, non-living things and pretend things, and describe the basic needs of living things (organisms). (ORC Resources) | | B. | Explain how organisms function and interact with their physical environment. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Describe similarities and differences that exist among individuals of the same kind of plants and animals. (ORC Resources) |
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| | | By the end of the 3 - 5 program: | | A. | Differentiate between the life cycles of different plants and animals. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Analyze plant and animal structures and functions needed for survival and describe the flow of energy through a system that all organisms use to survive. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Compare changes in an organism's ecosystem/habitat that affect its survival. (ORC Resources) |
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| | | By the end of the 6 - 8 program: | | A. | Explain that the basic functions of organisms are carried out in cells and groups of specialized cells form tissues and organs; the combination of these cells make up multicellular organisms that have a variety of body plans and internal structures. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Describe the characteristics of an organism in terms of a combination of inherited traits and recognize reproduction as a characteristic of living organisms essential to the continuation of the species. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Explain how energy entering the ecosystems as sunlight supports the life of organisms through photosynthesis and the transfer of energy through the interactions of organisms and the environment. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Explain how extinction of a species occurs when the environment changes and its adaptive characteristics are insufficient to allow survival (as seen in evidence of the fossil record). (ORC Resources) |
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| | | By the end of the 9 - 10 program: | | A. | Explain that cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living organisms, that once life originated all cells come from pre-existing cells, and that there are a variety of cell types. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Explain the characteristics of life as indicated by cellular processes and describe the process of cell division and development. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Explain the genetic mechanisms and molecular basis of inheritance. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Explain the flow of energy and the cycling of matter through biological and ecological systems (cellular, organismal and ecological). (ORC Resources) | | E. | Explain how evolutionary relationships contribute to an understanding of the unity and diversity of life. (ORC Resources) | | F. | Explain the structure and function of ecosystems and relate how ecosystems change over time. (ORC Resources) | | G. | Describe how human activities can impact the status of natural systems. (ORC Resources) | | H. | Describe a foundation of biological evolution as the change in gene frequency of a population over time. Explain the historical and current scientific developments, mechanisms and processes of biological evolution. (ORC Resources) | | I. | Explain how natural selection and other evolutionary mechanisms account for the unity and diversity of past and present life forms. (ORC Resources) | | J. | Summarize the historical development of scientific theories and ideas, and describe emerging issues in the study of life sciences. (ORC Resources) |
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| | | By the end of the 11 - 12 program: | | A. | Explain how processes at the cellular level affect the functions and characteristics of an organism. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Explain how humans are connected to and impact natural systems. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Explain how the molecular basis of life and the principles of genetics determine inheritance. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Relate how biotic and abiotic global changes have occurred in the past and will continue to do so in the future. (ORC Resources) | | E. | Explain the interconnectedness of the components of a natural system. (ORC Resources) | | F. | Explain how human choices today will affect the quality and quantity of life on earth. (ORC Resources) | | G. | Summarize the historical development of scientific theories and ideas within the study of life sciences. (ORC Resources) |
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