Ohio's Academic Content Standards in Science
Scientific Ways of KnowingStudents realize that the current body of scientific knowledge must be based on evidence, be predictive, logical, subject to modification, and limited to the natural world. This includes demonstrating an understanding that scientific knowledge grows and advances as new evidence is discovered to support or modify existing theories, as well as to encourage the development of new theories. Students are able to reflect on ethical scientific practices and demonstrate an understanding of how the current body of scientific knowledge reflects the historical and cultural contributions of women and men who provide us with a more reliable and comprehensive understanding of the natural world.
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| By the end of the K - 2 program: |
| A. | Recognize that there are different ways to carry out scientific investigations. Realize that investigations can be repeated under the same conditions with similar results and may have different explanations. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Recognize the importance of respect for all living things. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Recognize that diverse groups of people contribute to our understanding of the natural world. (ORC Resources) |
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| By the end of the 3 - 5 program: |
| A. | Distinguish between fact and opinion and explain how ideas and conclusions change as new knowledge is gained. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Describe different types of investigations and use results and data from investigations to provide the evidence to support explanations and conclusions. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Explain the importance of keeping records of observations and investigations that are accurate and understandable. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Explain that men and women of diverse countries and cultures participate in careers in all fields of science. (ORC Resources) |
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| By the end of the 6 - 8 program: |
| A. | Use skills of scientific inquiry processes (e.g., hypothesis, record keeping, description, explanation). (ORC Resources) | | B. | Explain the importance of reproducibility and reduction of bias in scientific methods. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Give examples of how thinking scientifically is helpful in daily life. (ORC Resources) |
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| By the end of the 9 - 10 program: |
| A. | Explain that scientific knowledge must be based on evidence, be predictive, logical, subject to modification and limited to the natural world. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Explain how scientific inquiry is guided by knowledge, observations, ideas and questions. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Describe the ethical practices and guidelines in which science operates. (ORC Resources) | | D. | Recognize that scientific literacy is part of being a knowledgeable citizen. (ORC Resources) |
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| By the end of the 11 - 12 program: |
| A. | Explain how scientific evidence is used to develop and revise scientific predictions, ideas or theories. (ORC Resources) | | B. | Explain how ethical considerations shape scientific endeavors. (ORC Resources) | | C. | Explain how societal issues and considerations affect the progress of science and technology. (ORC Resources) |
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