Ohio's Academic Content Standards in Science
Science and TechnologyStudents should recognize that science and technology are interconnected and that using technology involves assessment of the benefits, risks, and costs. Students should build scientific and technological knowledge, as well as the skill required to design and construct devices. In addition, they should develop the processes to solve problems and to understand that problems may be solved in several ways.
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Prekindergarten |
| 1. | Identify the intended purpose of familiar tools (e.g., scissors, hammer, paintbrush, cookie cutter). (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Explore new uses for familiar materials through play, art or drama (e.g., paper towel rolls as kazoos, pan for a hat). (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Use familiar objects to accomplish a purpose, complete a task or solve a problem (e.g., using scissors to create paper tickets for a puppet show, creating a ramp for a toy truck). (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Demonstrate the safe use of tools, such as scissors, hammers, writing utensils, with adult guidance. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Kindergarten |
| 1. | Explore that objects can be sorted as "natural" or "man-made". (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Explore that some materials can be used over and over again (e.g., plastic or glass containers, cardboard boxes and tubes). (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Explore that each kind of tool has an intended use, which can be helpful or harmful (e.g., scissors can be used to cut paper but they can also hurt you). (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 1 |
| 1. | Explore that some kinds of materials are better suited than others for making something new (e.g., building materials used in the Three Little Pigs). (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Explain that when trying to build something or get something to work better, it helps to follow directions and ask someone who has done it before. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Identify some materials that can be saved for community recycling projects (e.g., newspapers, glass and aluminum). (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Explore ways people use energy to cook their food and warm their homes (e.g., wood, coal, natural gas, electricity). (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Identify how people can save energy by turning things off when they are not using them (e.g., lights and motors). (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Investigate that tools are used to help make things and some things cannot be made without tools. (ORC Resources) | | 7. | Explore that several steps are usually needed to make things (e.g., building with blocks). (ORC Resources) | | 8. | Investigate that when parts are put together they can do things that they could not do by themselves (e.g., blocks, gears and wheels). (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 2 |
| 1. | Explain that developing and using technology involves benefits and risks. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Investigate why people make new products or invent new ways to meet their individual wants and needs. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Predict how building or trying something new might affect other people and the environment. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Communicate orally, pictorially, or in written form the design process used to make something. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 3 |
| 1. | Describe how technology can extend human abilities (e.g., to move things, to extend senses). (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Describe ways that using technology can have helpful and/or harmful results. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Investigate ways that the results of technology may affect the individual, family and community. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Use a simple design process to solve a problem (e.g., identify a problem, identify possible solutions, design a solution). (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Describe possible solutions to a design problem (e.g., how to hold down paper in the wind). (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 4 |
| 1. | Explain how technology from different areas (e.g., transportation, communication, nutrition, healthcare, agriculture, entertainment, manufacturing) has improved human lives. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Investigate how technology and inventions change to meet peoples' needs and wants. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Describe, illustrate and evaluate the design process used to solve a problem. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 5 |
| 1. | Investigate positive and negative impacts of human activity and technology on the environment. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Revise an existing design used to solve a problem based on peer review. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Explain how the solution to one problem may create other problems. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 6 |
| 1. | Explain how technology influences the quality of life. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Explain how decisions about the use of products and systems can result in desirable or undesirable consequences (e.g., social and environmental). (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Describe how automation (e.g., robots) has changed manufacturing including manual labor being replaced by highly-skilled jobs. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Explain how the usefulness of manufactured parts of an object depend on how well their properties allow them to fit and interact with other materials. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Design and build a product or create a solution to a problem given one constraint (e.g., limits of cost and time for design and production, supply of materials and environmental effects). (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 7 |
| 1. | Explain how needs, attitudes and values influence the direction of technological development in various cultures. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Describe how decisions to develop and use technologies often put environmental and economic concerns in direct competition with each other. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Recognize that science can only answer some questions and technology can only solve some human problems. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Design and build a product or create a solution to a problem given two constraints (e.g., limits of cost and time for design and production, supply of materials and environmental effects). (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 8 |
| 1. | Examine how science and technology have advanced through the contributions of many different people, cultures and times in history. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Examine how choices regarding the use of technology are influenced by constraints caused by various unavoidable factors (e.g., geographic location, limited resources, social, political and economic considerations). (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Design and build a product or create a solution to a problem given more than two constraints (e.g., limits of cost and time for design and production, supply of materials and environmental effects). (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Evaluate the overall effectiveness of a product design or solution. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 9 |
| 1. | Describe means of comparing the benefits with the risks of technology and how science can inform public policy. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Identify a problem or need, propose designs and choose among alternative solutions for the problem. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Explain why a design should be continually assessed and the ideas of the design should be tested, adapted and refined. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 10 |
| 1. | Cite examples of ways that scientific inquiry is driven by the desire to understand the natural world and how technology is driven by the need to meet human needs and solve human problems. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Describe examples of scientific advances and emerging technologies and how they may impact society. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Explain that when evaluating a design for a device or process, thought should be given to how it will be manufactured, operated, maintained, replaced and disposed of in addition to who will sell, operate and take care of it. Explain how the costs associated with these considerations may introduce additional constraints on the design. (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 11 |
| 1. | Identify that science and technology are essential social enterprises but alone they can only indicate what can happen, not what should happen. Realize the latter involves human decisions about the use of knowledge. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Predict how decisions regarding the implementation of technologies involve the weighing of trade-offs between predicted positive and negative effects on the environment and/or humans. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Explore and explain any given technology that may have a different value for different groups of people and at different points in time (e.g., new varieties of farm plants and animals have been engineered by manipulating their genetic instructions to reproduce new characteristics). (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Explain why basic concepts and principles of science and technology should be a part of active debate about the economics, policies, politics and ethics of various science-related and technology-related challenges. (ORC Resources) | | 5. | Investigate that all fuels (e.g., fossil, solar, nuclear) have advantages and disadvantages; therefore society must consider the trade-offs among them (e.g., economic costs and environmental impact). (ORC Resources) | | 6. | Research sources of energy beyond traditional fuels and the advantages, disadvantages and trade-offs society must consider when using alternative sources (e.g., biomass, solar, hybrid engines, wind, fuel cells). (ORC Resources) |
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| PreK | K | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
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| Grade 12 |
| 1. | Explain how science often advances with the introduction of new technologies and how solving technological problems often results in new scientific knowledge. (ORC Resources) | | 2. | Describe how new technologies often extend the current levels of scientific understanding and introduce new areas of research. (ORC Resources) | | 3. | Research how scientific inquiry is driven by the desire to understand the natural world and how technological design is driven by the need to meet human needs and solve human problems. (ORC Resources) | | 4. | Explain why basic concepts and principles of science and technology should be a part of active debate about the economics, policies, politics and ethics of various science-related and technology-related challenges. (ORC Resources) |
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